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The human body is everything that makes you up. Our genetic information is what determines and regulates the physical form and function of the human body, but our environment and behavior can change the way our bodies look and how well they work, reports Human Growth and Development (Opens in a new tab).
Human Anatomy And
The human body is made up of all the living and non-living components that make up the entire structure of the human body, including every living cell, tissue, and organ.
Circulatory System: Anatomy And Function
Externally, the human anatomy consists of five main parts: head, neck, body, arms and legs. But beneath the skin, there are countless biological and chemical interactions that keep the machinery of the human body ticking.
Our body consists of a number of biological systems that perform certain functions necessary for daily life.
The job of the circulatory system is to move blood, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide and hormones around the body. It consists of heart, blood, blood vessels, arteries and veins. According to the Cleveland Clinic (opens in a new tab), the human body's network of blood vessels, veins, and capillaries is more than 60,000 miles (about 96,560 kilometers) long.
The digestive system is made up of a series of interconnected organs that together allow the body to break down and absorb food and eliminate waste. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. The liver and pancreas also play an important role in the digestive system, as they produce digestive juices filled with enzymes to break down components of food, such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (opens in a new tab).
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The endocrine system consists of a network of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. These hormones, in turn, travel to various tissues and regulate various bodily functions, such as metabolism, growth and sexual function, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine (opens in a new tab). For example, one of the glands of the pancreas, called the endocrine gland, produces hormones called insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar.
The immune system is the body's defense against bacteria, viruses, and other potentially harmful pathogens. The immune system is activated when antigens (proteins on the surface of bacteria, fungi, and viruses) bind to receptors on immune cells, alerting the body to their presence and restoring the immune system, according to the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Healthcare. Care (IQWiG) (opens in a new tab). System I consists of lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, lymphocytes (including B and T cells), thymus, and leukocytes, which are white blood cells.
The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, lymphatic channels, and lymphatic vessels, and also plays a role in the body's defenses. Its main job is to make and move lymph, a clear liquid containing white blood cells that helps the body fight infection, according to the Cleveland Clinic. The lymphatic system also removes excess lymph fluid from body tissues and returns it to the blood.
The nervous system controls both voluntary (eg conscious movement) and involuntary action (eg breathing) and sends signals to different parts of the body. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. According to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (opens in a new tab), the peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that connect every other part of the body to the central nervous system.
List Of Human Anatomical Regions
According to the Library of Congress, the body's muscular system is made up of about 650 muscles that help with movement, blood flow, and other body functions. There are three types of muscle: skeletal muscle, which attaches to bones and helps with voluntary movement, smooth muscle, which is located inside organs and helps move things through the organs, and cardiac muscle, which is located in the heart and helps pump blood. .
The reproductive system enables human reproduction. The male reproductive system includes the penis and testicles, which produce sperm. The female reproductive system consists of the vagina, uterus, and ovaries, which produce eggs. During conception, a sperm unites with an egg to form a fertilized egg that implants in the uterus and grows.
According to StatPearls magazine (opens in a new tab), our body is supported by the skeletal system, which consists of 206 to 213 bones in the adult body, all of which are connected by tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. As babies, humans have 270 bones before some fuse together during growth. Not only does the skeleton help with movement, it is also involved in the production of blood cells and the storage of calcium. Teeth are also part of the skeletal system, but they are not considered bones.
The respiratory system allows us to take in vital oxygen and expel carbon dioxide in a process called respiration. It mainly consists of trachea, diaphragm and lungs.
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A picture of the lungs and the small air sacs inside them called alveoli. Here, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. (Image credit: Getty Images)
The urinary system helps remove a waste product called urea from the body when certain foods break down. The whole system includes two kidneys, two ureters, bladder, two sphincters and urethra. Urine produced by the kidneys enters the bladder through the ureter and exits the body through the urethra.
The skin or integumentary system is the largest organ of the body. It protects us from the outside world and is our first line of defense against bacteria, viruses and other pathogens. Our skin helps regulate body temperature and eliminate waste through sweat. In addition to the skin, the tissue system includes hair and nails.
In contrast to vital organs, the human body has some other organs and structures that no longer serve a purpose - so-called vestigial organs. That doesn't mean they never played a role in human existence, according to Midwestern University's Department of Anatomy (opens in new tab).
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In the course of human evolution, some organs and anatomical structures have lost their function, for example, the coccyx or coccyx. According to the New York Times, the idea that humans descended from tailed primates was first proposed by Charles Darwin, who noted that the small set of vertebrae we have next to the pelvis—called the coccyx—were left over from our ancestors' tails. opens in a new tab).
Another well-known example of an apparently non-functioning organ is the appendix. The appendix is a narrow pouch attached to the lower abdominal cavity of the human body. It's generally thought of as redundant in the human body, but a 2017 Midwestern University study (opens in new tab) found that this compound may serve as a reservoir for several types of beneficial gut bacteria.
Scott is a contributor to How It Works magazine and has previously written for other science and education media, including BBC Wildlife magazine, World of Animals magazine, Space.com and All About History magazine. Scott holds an MA in Science and Environmental Journalism and a BA in Conservation Biology from the University of Lincoln in the UK. Throughout his academic and professional career, Scott has been involved in numerous animal conservation projects, including English bird research, wolf monitoring in Germany and leopard monitoring in South Africa. common function.
In the hierarchy of life, an organ lies between a tissue and an organ system. Tissues are made up of the same type of cells to work together in a function. Different types of tissue combine to form an organ that performs a specific function. The intestinal wall, for example, is made of epithelial tissue and smooth muscle tissue.
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Two or more organs that work together to perform a specific organ function form an organ system, also called a biological system or body system.
Organ tissues can be broadly divided into parchyma, functional tissue, and stroma, structural tissue with supporting, connective, or auxiliary functions. For example, the parchyma is the glandular tissue that produces hormones, and the stroma includes the nerves that innervate the parchyma, the blood vessels and connective tissue that supply it with oxygen and nutrients, and carry away the waste products of its metabolism. suitable place for placement and fixation. The most important tissues that make up the body have a common embryological origin, for example, they arise from the same germ layer. Organs are found in most multicellular organisms. In unicellular organisms such as bacteria, the functional analogue of an organ is known as an organoid. Plants have three main organs.
In the study of anatomy, internal organs (singular viscus) refer to the internal organs of the abdominal, thoracic and pelvic cavities.
Abdominal organs can be classified as solid organs, or
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